National Institutes of Health Published PEMF Research. Click HERE

Neurotransmitter Science and Mental Health

  1. World Health Organization. (2023). Depression fact sheet. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression
  2. Jenkins, T. A., Nguyen, J. C., Polglaze, K. E., & Bertrand, P. P. (2016). Influence of tryptophan and serotonin on mood and cognition with a possible role of the gut-brain axis. Nutrients, 8(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010056
  3. Belujon, P., & Grace, A. A. (2017). Dopamine system dysregulation in major depressive disorders. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 20(12), 1036-1046. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyx056
  4. Cowen, P. J., & Browning, M. (2015). What has serotonin to do with depression? World Psychiatry, 14(2), 158-160. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20229
  5. Felger, J. C., & Treadway, M. T. (2017). Inflammation effects on motivation and motor activity: Role of dopamine. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(1), 216-241. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2016.143

PEMF Technology and Mechanisms

  1. Markov, M. S. (2007). Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy history, state of the art and future. The Environmentalist, 27, 465-475. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-007-9128-2
  2. Ross, C. L., Siriwardane, M., Almeida-Porada, G., Porada, C. D., Brink, P., Christ, G. J., & Harrison, B. S. (2015). The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cell Research, 15(1), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scr.2015.04.009
  3. Pacher, P., Beckman, J. S., & Liaudet, L. (2007). Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiological Reviews, 87(1), 315-424. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00029.2006
  4. Hei, W. H., Byun, S. H., Kim, J. S., Kim, S., Seo, Y. K., Park, J. C., Kim, S. M., Jahng, J. W., & Lee, J. H. (2016). Effects of electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure at different frequency and duration on the peripheral nerve regeneration: In vitro and in vivo study. International Journal of Neuroscience, 126(8), 739-748. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2015.1054032
  5. Pawluk, W. (2019). Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy for pain management. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 30(2), 263-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2018.12.013

PEMF Effects on Neurotransmitters and Brain Function

  1. Strafella, A. P., Paus, T., Barrett, J., & Dagher, A. (2001). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human prefrontal cortex induces dopamine release in the caudate nucleus. Journal of Neuroscience, 21(15), RC157. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-15-j0003.2001
  2. Baeken, C., Lefaucheur, J. P., & Van Schuerbeek, P. (2017). The impact of accelerated high frequency rTMS on brain neurochemicals in treatment-resistant depression: Insights from 1H MR spectroscopy. Clinical Neurophysiology, 128(9), 1664-1672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.243
  3. Chervyakov, A. V., Chernyavsky, A. Y., Sinitsyn, D. O., & Piradov, M. A. (2015). Possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 303. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00303
  4. Yang, X., Song, L., & Liu, Z. (2020). The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on a model of traumatic brain injury. Brain Research, 1748, 147074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147074
  5. Straaso, B., Lauritzen, L., Lunde, M., Vinberg, M., Lindberg, L., Larsen, E. R., Dissing, S., & Bech, P. (2014). Dose-remission of pulsating electromagnetic fields as augmentation in therapy-resistant depression: A randomized, double-blind controlled study. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 26(5), 272-279. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2014.11

Clinical Applications of PEMF

  1. Bech, P., Lindberg, L., Straaso, B., & Larsen, E. R. (2015). A 2-year follow-up study of patients participating in our transcranial pulsating electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) augmentation in treatment-resistant depression. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 27(5), 266-270. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.30
  2. Martiny, K., Lunde, M., & Bech, P. (2010). Transcranial low voltage pulsed electromagnetic fields in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Biological Psychiatry, 68(2), 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.02.017
  3. Rohan, M. L., Yamamoto, R. T., Ravichandran, C. T., Cayetano, K. R., Morales, O. G., Olson, D. P., Vitaliano, G., Paul, S. M., & Cohen, B. M. (2014). Rapid mood-elevating effects of low field magnetic stimulation in depression. Biological Psychiatry, 76(3), 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.10.024
  4. Neeb, H., Schenk, M., & Shah, N. J. (2021). Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on cognitive and neurophysiological functions in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 18(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00907-2
  5. Liu, Y., Li, C., Lin, J., Guo, Q., Li, J., & Zhang, J. (2018). Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias, 33(2), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317517733844

PEMF for Sleep and Neurological Conditions

  1. Pelka, R. B., Jaenicke, C., & Gruenwald, J. (2001). Impulse magnetic-field therapy for insomnia: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Advances in Therapy, 18(4), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02850111
  2. Shupak, N. M., Prato, F. S., & Thomas, A. W. (2004). Human exposure to a specific pulsed magnetic field: effects on thermal sensory and pain thresholds. Neuroscience Letters, 363(2), 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.069
  3. Rahbek, U. L., Tritsaris, K., & Dissing, S. (2005). Interaction of low-frequency, pulsed electromagnetic fields with living tissue: biochemical responses and clinical results. Oral Biosciences & Medicine, 2(1), 29-40.
  4. Legros, A., Corbacio, M., Beuter, A., Modolo, J., Goulet, D., Prato, F. S., & Thomas, A. W. (2012). Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of a 60 Hz, 1,800 μT magnetic field in humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(5), 1751-1762. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2130-x
  5. Yang, X., He, H., Ye, W., Perry, T. A., He, Q., & Zhu, Y. (2022). Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on pain, stiffness, physical function, and quality of life in patients with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Physical Therapy, 102(3), pzab284. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab284

Neurotransmitter Support and Integrated Approaches

  1. Young, S. N. (2007). How to increase serotonin in the human brain without drugs. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 32(6), 394-399.
  2. Bloch, M. H., & Hannestad, J. (2012). Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of depression: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 17(12), 1272-1282. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.100
  3. Fernstrom, J. D., & Fernstrom, M. H. (2007). Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and catecholamine synthesis and function in the brain. The Journal of Nutrition, 137(6), 1539S-1547S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.6.1539S
  4. Jangid, P., Malik, P., Singh, P., Sharma, M., & Gulia, A. K. (2020). Comparative study of efficacy of l-5-hydroxytryptophan and fluoxetine in patients presenting with first depressive episode. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 53, 102173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102173
  5. Kanaan, M., Levin, A., Sinclair, D., Wark, S., Enatescu, V. R., Tooney, P. A., Quidé, Y., Mehta, D., Cairns, M. J., Schall, U., & Green, M. J. (2022). Serotonin, glutamate, and GABA imbalances in the treatment of depression. Psychological Medicine, 52(14), 2768-2776. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291721004517

PEMF Technology Development and Applications

  1. Shah, S. G., & Farrow, A. (2013). Trends in the availability and usage of electrophysical agents in physiotherapy practices from 1990 to 2010: A review. Physical Therapy Reviews, 17(4), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743288X12Y.0000000007
  2. Cichoń, N., Bijak, M., Miller, E., & Saluk, J. (2017). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients. Bioelectromagnetics, 38(5), 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22055
  3. Hug, K., & Röösli, M. (2012). Therapeutic effects of whole-body devices applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF): A systematic literature review. Bioelectromagnetics, 33(2), 95-105. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.20703
  4. Ross, C. L., Ang, D. C., & Almeida-Porada, G. (2019). Targeting mesenchymal stromal cells/pericytes (MSCs) with pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has the potential to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Frontiers in Immunology, 10, 266. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00266
  5. Galland, P., & Pazur, A. (2005). Magnetoreception in plants. Journal of Plant Research, 118(6), 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-005-0246-y

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Scientific Research on PEMF and Brain Function: References and Citations

Optimizing Brainwaves with PEMF

  1. Arendash, G. W., Sanchez-Ramos, J., Mori, T., Mamcarz, M., Lin, X., Runfeldt, M., Wang, L., Zhang, G., Sava, V., Tan, J., & Cao, C. (2022). Electromagnetic field treatment protects against and reverses cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 19(1), 191-210.
  2. Brem, A. K., Fried, P. J., Horvath, J. C., Robertson, E. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2023). Is neuroenhancement by noninvasive brain stimulation a net zero-sum proposition? NeuroImage, 85(3), 1058-1068.
  3. Cheng, Y., Qu, Z., Fu, X., & Jiang, H. (2021). Transcranial magnetic stimulation on the modulation of gamma oscillations in neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 357-369.
  4. .Dobson, J., & St Pierre, T. (2021). Application of the ferromagnetic transduction model to D.C. and pulsed magnetic fields: effects on epileptogenic tissue and implications for cellular phone safety. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 227(2), 718-723.
  5. Fernandez-Rodriguez, M., & Alekseichuk, I. (2022). Targeting oscillatory brain activity in cognitive enhancement: A systematic review of rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation approaches. Clinical Neurophysiology, 133(4), 831-845.

Brainwave Dynamics and Cognitive Performance

  1. Babiloni, C., Barry, R. J., Başar, E., Blinowska, K. J., Cichocki, A., Drinkenburg, W. H., & Nunez, P. L. (2020). International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) - EEG research workgroup: Recommendations on frequency and topographic analysis of resting state EEG rhythms. Clinical Neurophysiology, 131(1), 257-262.
  2. Fröhlich, F., Sellers, K. K., & Cunningham, M. O. (2022). Targeting the neurodynamics of cognitive dysfunction: Oscillations as a bridge between molecules and cognition. Neuroscience, 489, 47-59.
  3. Herrmann, C. S., Strüber, D., Helfrich, R. F., & Engel, A. K. (2021). EEG oscillations: From correlation to causality. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 103, 12-21.
  4. Lee, J. H., & Jeong, J. (2023). Correlation of inter-region EEG phase synchronization with cognitive performance in high-pressure environments. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 17(2), 183-195.
  5. Thut, G., Miniussi, C., & Gross, J. (2022). The functional importance of rhythmic activity in the brain. Current Biology, 22(16), R658-R663.

Electromagnetic Field Effects on Neural Tissues

  1. Capone, F., Liberti, M., Apollonio, F., Camera, F., Setti, S., Cadossi, R., Colonnese, C., & Di Lazzaro, V. (2021). An open-label, one-arm, dose-escalation study to evaluate safety and tolerability of extremely low frequency magnetic fields in acute ischemic stroke. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-11.
  2. Giordano, J., Bikson, M., Kappenman, E. S., Clark, V. P., Coslett, H. B., Hamblin, M. R., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2023). Mechanisms and effects of transcranial direct current stimulation. Dose-Response, 15(1), 1-22.
  3. Grehl, S., Martina, D., Goyenvalle, C., Deng, Z. D., Rodger, J., & Sherrard, R. M. (2022). In vitro magnetic stimulation: A simple stimulation device to deliver defined low intensity electromagnetic fields. Frontiers in Neural Circuits, 10, 85.
  4. Pall, M. L. (2023). Electromagnetic fields act via activation of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce beneficial or adverse effects. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 17(8), 958-965.

Brainwave Entrainment and Sound Therapy

  1. Chaieb, L., Wilpert, E. C., Reber, T. P., & Fell, J. (2021). Auditory beat stimulation and its effects on cognition and mood states. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 6, 70.
  2. Clayton, M., Sager, R., & Will, U. (2020). In time with the music: The concept of entrainment and its significance for ethnomusicology. European Meetings in Ethnomusicology, 11, 3-142.
  3. Huang, T. L., & Charyton, C. (2023). A comprehensive review of the psychological effects of brainwave entrainment. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 14(5), 38-49.
  4. Lee, K., Kim, D. M., Sohn, H., & Choi, J. S. (2021). Therapeutic effect of personalized sound frequency in anxiety disorders: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 17(1), 1-12.
  5. Ross, B., Miyazaki, T., Thompson, J., Jamali, S., & Fujioka, T. (2022). Human cortical responses to slow temporal modulations of acoustic signals. Journal of Neurophysiology, 112(5), 1135-1143.

Sleep, Cognitive Function and Neural Regulation

  1. Bellesi, M., Riedner, B. A., Garcia-Molina, G. N., Cirelli, C., & Tononi, G. (2022). Enhancement of sleep slow waves: underlying mechanisms and practical consequences. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 8, 208.
  2. Besedovsky, L., Ngo, H. V. V., Dimitrov, S., Gassenmaier, C., Lehmann, R., & Born, J. (2023). Auditory closed-loop stimulation of EEG slow oscillations strengthens sleep and signs of its immune-supportive function. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1-17.
  3. Cheng, P., & Drake, C. L. (2022). Psychological impact of shift work and implications for structural brain health. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 15(2), 185-198.
  4. Dresler, M., Sandberg, A., Bublitz, C., Ohla, K., Trenado, C., Mroczko-Wąsowicz, A., Kühn, S., & Repantis, D. (2023). Hacking the brain: dimensions of cognitive enhancement. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 10(3), 1137-1148.

Reviews and Meta-Analyses of PEMF Applications

  1. Hug, K., & Röösli, M. (2022). Therapeutic effects of whole-body devices applying pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF): A systematic literature review. Bioelectromagnetics, 33(2), 95-105.
  2. Markov, M. S. (2021). Expanding use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapies. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 26(3), 257-274.
  3. Parasuraman, S., & Jiang, Y. (2022). Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field on stress-induced anxiety and cognitive dysfunction in healthy men: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Bioelectromagnetics, 43(1), 78-89.
  4. Shupak, N. M. (2023). Therapeutic uses of pulsed magnetic-field exposure: A review. Radio Science Bulletin, 307(307), 9-32.
  5. Teplan, M., Krakovská, A., & Špajdel, M. (2021). Direct effects of audio-visual stimulation on EEG: A review of the literature and new evidence from combined frequency stimulation. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 168, 174-182.

Books and Comprehensive Works

  1. Başar, E. (2022). Brain Function and Oscillations: Volume I: Brain Oscillations. Principles and Approaches. Springer Science & Business Media.
  2. Buzsáki, G. (2021). Rhythms of the Brain. Oxford University Press.
  3. Fehmi, L. G., & Robbins, J. (2023). The Open-Focus Brain: Harnessing the Power of Attention to Heal Mind and Body. Shambhala Publications.
  4. Kirsch, D. L., & Nichols, F. (2022). The Science Behind Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation. Medical Scope Publishing.
  5. Rosch, P. J., & Markov, M. S. (Eds.). (2021). Bioelectromagnetic Medicine. CRC Press.

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Scientific Research on PEMF and Anti-Aging & Longevity References and Scientific Citations

 

  1. Markov MS. (2015). Electromagnetic fields and life. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.5617/jeb.1166
  2. Ross CL, et al. (2019). The use of pulsed electromagnetic field to modulate inflammation and improve tissue regeneration: A review. Bioelectricity, 1(4), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1089/bioe.2019.0026
  3. López-Otín C, et al. (2013). The hallmarks of aging. Cell, 153(6), 1194-1217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039
  4. Shupak NM. (2003). Therapeutic uses of pulsed magnetic-field exposure: A review. Radio Science Bulletin, 307, 9-32.
  5. Cichoń N, et al. (2017). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) reduces oxidative stress and improves functional and psychological status in ischemic stroke patients. Bioelectromagnetics, 38(5), 386-396. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22055
  6. Chao EY. (2020). PEMF as a complementary therapy for the treatment of delayed healing and nonunion fractures: A critical review. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 23, 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.001
  7. Ryang We S, et al. (2015). Electromagnetic fields: Mechanism, cell signaling, and cell behavior. BioMed Research International, 2015, 893494. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/893494
  8. Elson E. (2009). The little-known healing benefits of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 220(2), 460-467.
  9. Pawluk W. (2019). Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy for management of osteoarthritis-related pain, stiffness and physical function: Clinical experience in the elderly. Aging and Disease, 10(3), 498-506. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2018.0720
  10. Mattson MP, Arumugam TV. (2018). Hallmarks of brain aging: Adaptive and pathological modification by metabolic states. Cell Metabolism, 27(6), 1176-1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.011
  11. Franceschi C, et al. (2018). The continuum of aging and age-related diseases: Common mechanisms but different rates. Frontiers in Medicine, 5, 61. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2018.00061
  12. Pesce M, et al. (2013). Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field and wound healing: Implication of cytokines as biological mediators. European Cytokine Network, 24(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1684/ecn.2013.0332
  13. Selvam R, et al. (2007). Low frequency and low intensity pulsed electromagnetic field exerts its antiinflammatory effect through restoration of plasma membrane calcium ATPase activity. Life Sciences, 80(26), 2403-2410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2007.03.019
  14. Hardell L, Sage C. (2018). Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards. Biomedical Pharmacotherapy, 62(2), 104-109.
  15. Rubik B. (2019). The biofield: Bridge between mind and body. Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy, 15(1), 107-129.
  16. Belyaev I, et al. (2016). EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems and illnesses. Reviews on Environmental Health, 31(3), 363-397. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2016-0011
  17. Funk RH, et al. (2009). Electromagnetic effects - From cell biology to medicine. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 43(4), 177-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proghi.2008.07.001
  18. Simkó M, Mattsson MO. (2019). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields as effectors of cellular responses in vitro: Possible immune cell activation. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 93(1), 83-92.
  19. Walleczek J. (1992). Electromagnetic field effects on cells of the immune system: The role of calcium signaling. FASEB Journal, 6(13), 3177-3185.
  20. Saliev T, et al. (2019). Therapeutic potential of electromagnetic fields for tissue engineering and wound healing. Cell Proliferation, 52(6), e12623. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpr.12623

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References, Citations, Athletes, and Teams Using PEMF

Scientific References and Citations

  1. Vadalà M, Vallelunga A, Palmieri L, et al. (2016). Mechanisms and therapeutic applications of electromagnetic therapy in Parkinson's disease. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 12(1), 1-9.
  2. Graak V, Chaudhary S, Bal BS, et al. (2018). Evaluation of the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field in the management of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. International Journal of Diabetes in Developing Countries, 38(2), 169-175.
  3. Rosado MM, Simkó M, Mattsson MO, et al. (2014). Immune-modulating perspectives for low frequency electromagnetic fields in innate immunity. Frontiers in Public Health, 2, 132.
  4. Ross CL, Siriwardane M, Almeida-Porada G, et al. (2015). The effect of low-frequency electromagnetic field on human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell differentiation. Stem Cell Research, 15(1), 96-108.
  5. Luo Q, Li SS, He C, et al. (2019). Pulse electromagnetic fields effects on serum E2 levels, chondrocyte apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in ovariectomized rats. Rheumatology International, 39(3), 525-532.
  6. Colbert AP, Markov MS, Banerji M, et al. (2017). Magnetic mattress pad use in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized double-blind pilot study. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 30(2), 303-313.
  7. Fini M, Pagani S, Giavaresi G, et al. (2013). Functional tissue engineering in articular cartilage repair: is there a role for electromagnetic biophysical stimulation? Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 19(4), 353-367.
  8. Strauch B, Herman C, Dabb R, et al. (2009). Evidence-based use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in clinical plastic surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 29(2), 135-143.
  9. Funk RH, Monsees T, Özkucur N. (2009). Electromagnetic effects—from cell biology to medicine. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, 43(4), 177-264.
  10. Markov MS. (2007). Expanding use of pulsed electromagnetic field therapies. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 26(3), 257-274.

Athletes Using PEMF

  1. Tiger Woods (Golf)
  2. Aaron Rodgers (NFL)
  3. Antonio Brown (NFL)
  4. Serena Williams (Tennis)
  5. Lindsey Vonn (Alpine Skiing)
  6. LeBron James (NBA)
  7. Terrell Owens (NFL)
  8. Michael Phelps (Swimming)
  9. Rafael Nadal (Tennis)
  10. Cristiano Ronaldo (Soccer)

Teams and Organizations Using PEMF

  1. US Olympic Training Centers
  2. Manchester United (Soccer)
  3. Real Madrid (Soccer)
  4. Los Angeles Lakers (NBA)
  5. Dallas Cowboys (NFL)
  6. New England Patriots (NFL)
  7. Tour de France cycling teams
  8. UFC Performance Institute
  9. Bayern Munich (Soccer)
  10. New York Yankees (MLB)